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Black History and Blacks in U.S. History
Lewis and Clark
(1804-1806)
 York: Explorer/Slave

York: Explorer/Slave
Reading Level
     edHelper's suggested reading level:   grades 9 to 12
     Flesch-Kincaid grade level:   7.14

Vocabulary
     challenging words:    curiossity, snarls, mid-thirties, chiefly, merchandize, workhorse, fascination, triumphant, willed, lowly, finding, skittish, remainder, lifelong, voyagers, planter
     content words:    Native American, Bitterroot Mountains, Those Lewis, Sergeant Floyd, William Clark

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York: Explorer/Slave
By Toni Lee Robinson 		  
1     "York, Clark's black slave." "My man York." Accounts of the Lewis and Clark journey nearly always list York by his lowly status as servant or slave. If the first black American explorer had a first name, it is never listed. Slaves often didn't have two names. But first name or not, York played an important part in the historic voyage.
 
2     The black man's large stature and dark coloring proved a source of endless fascination for the Native American people along the way. Black people were an entirely new experience for the American natives. When they were sure it was safe, they would crowd around him, touching his skin and hair. In the Mandan village, children brought handfuls of sand and scrubbed York's skin with it. They had a hard time believing that the dark coloring was natural and couldn't be scrubbed off.
 
3     York enjoyed the curiosity of the native people. He played with the children and sometimes told tall tales about himself. Clark's journal relates that York told a group of Arikaras that he was a wild creature caught and tamed by Clark. With appropriate leaps, snarls and growls, he described how he used to catch and eat people, finding young children especially tasty. Clark was somewhat alarmed at this joke. From the reaction of the listeners, he felt it might be too frightening to be a good influence on relations with the tribe.
 
4     The remainder of the voyage seemed to prove Clark's fears unfounded. York's presence never failed to favorably impress whatever tribe the voyagers met. At one point, Lewis had finally found the Shoshone, for whom he had been searching. The Corps needed to buy horses from the tribe in order to make the passage over the Bitterroot Mountains. But the Shoshone had suffered attack after attack by other tribes. They were frightened and very shy. Those Lewis had finally cornered were skittish, afraid that the strange white men were somehow conspiring with their enemies to trap them.
 
5     Lewis wrote later in his journal that one of his party "... told the Indians that we had a man with us who was black and had short curling hair, this had excited their curiossity very much, and they seemed quite as anxious to see this [man] as they were the merchandize which we had to barter for their horses." The Shoshone were won over, and the much-needed horses were acquired.

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Black History and Blacks in U.S. History
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Lewis and Clark
(1804-1806)
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(1804-1806)

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