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Kidney Stones

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Kidney Stones
Reading Level

	edHelper's suggested reading level:	grades 5 to 7
	Flesch-Kincaid grade level:	7.03

Vocabulary

challenging words:

cystine, extracorporeal, Hypercalciuria, incision, lithotripsy, nephrolithotomy, oxalate, percutaneous, pyelogram, shockwave, sonogram, struvite, ureteroscopy, excess, burning, convert

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Kidney Stones By Jennifer Kenny

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¹     The urinary system of the human body is made of several different parts. The kidneys are perhaps the most recognizable parts. There are also the ureters, the bladder, and the urethra. There are two kidneys located toward the middle of the back below the ribs. They are known for their bean shape. Their job is to remove extra water and wastes from the blood and convert it to urine. They also help to keep a certain balance of salt in the blood, produce several helpful hormones, and help form red blood cells. The narrow tubes known as ureters run from the kidneys to the bladder carrying urine. The bladder stores the urine and the urethra is what the urine is emptied through.
 
²     Sometimes there are problems in the urinary system. One of the most common problems is the formation of kidney stones. In general, a kidney stone is a solid mass made from tiny crystals that have separated from the urine and collect in the kidney's inner surfaces. A person can have more than one kidney stone at the same time. Kidney stones have been present in humans for a long time. Scientists even found proof of one in a seven thousand year old mummy.
 
³     Typically, there are chemicals in the urine which prevent crystals from coming together. However, in some people, kidney stones form anyway. Some are so small, they leave the body without ever being felt or noticed. These are called "silent" stones because they don't bring any pain; sometimes doctors just notice them on X-rays as part of a check-up.

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