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Earth's Systems Geography

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Earth's Systems
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Reading Level

	edHelper's suggested reading level:	grades 3 to 4
	Flesch-Kincaid grade level:	4.55

Vocabulary

challenging words:

biosphere, geosphere, hydrosphere, organism, ultraviolet, well-run, planet, outer, underground, harmful, roots, lava, layer, liquid, rays, beneath

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Earth's Systems By Trista L. Pollard

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¹     A system is a group of independent parts that work together as a whole. The Earth has four major systems or spheres. These systems are the geosphere, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere, and the biosphere. The biosphere is the system where we belong. The prefix bio- means "life." It includes all of the people, animals, plants, and other living organisms on our planet. The plants and trees in the biosphere give us the oxygen we need to survive. They provide the food humans and animals need to survive. The animals also are a source of food for humans and other animals. Every organism in the biosphere is connected to other organisms. Each one eats, or is eaten by, another organism, forming a complex food web that connects all living things.
 
²     The geosphere is the part of Earth way below our feet. It is the crust and mantle. The crust is the outer layer of the Earth. We stand on the top of the crust. The mantle is the layer beneath the crust. The inside of the Earth is very hot. Scientists learn a lot about our planet's insides from earthquakes and volcanoes. When volcanoes erupt, they send lava or liquid rock to the surface. There is also heat and pressure inside the Earth. This heat and pressure cause our mountains to form.
 
³     Our hydrosphere includes all of the water on our planet. The oceans, rivers, lakes, streams, and ponds are part of the hydrosphere. The glaciers and ice caps on Earth are made of water. We depend on the Earth's water for our survival. All living organisms need to take in freshwater. Animals that live in the sea provide food. Water can also be used to make power. Some of our electricity is made from the power of water.

Paragraphs 4 to 5:
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