The different types of math problems presented in the worksheet are all about finding the greatest common factor (GCF) of given sets of numbers. The GCF is the largest positive integer that divides each number without leaving a remainder. To solve these problems, one can list each number's factors and identify the greatest one they have in common. Alternatively, the prime factorization method can be used, where each number is broken down into its prime factors. Then, the common prime factors are multiplied together to find the GCF.