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International Year of Sanitation: Saliha's Story

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International Year of Sanitation: Saliha's Story
Reading Level

	edHelper's suggested reading level:	grades 7 to 9
	Flesch-Kincaid grade level:	9.42

Vocabulary

	challenging words:		anti-Taliban, city-like, diarrhea-related, digester, uncollected, biogas, sanitary, sewage, amongst, consequently, happening, inadequate, reconstruction, milestone, civil, sewer
	content words:		Bamyan Province, International Year, Soviet Union, United States, Northern Alliance, United Nations, British Medical Journal

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International Year of Sanitation: Saliha's Story By Jennifer Kenny

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¹     Caption: Girls help each other wash hands outside a latrine provided by UNICEF at their school in Afghanistan's Bamyan Province.
 
²     Saliha is a young girl who lives in Afghanistan. She lives in a rural community that is participating in the WASH campaign during the International Year of Sanitation. What does WASH stand for? It is an acronym for water supply, sanitation, and hygiene. All three are huge issues for the people of Afghanistan.
 
³     Afghanistan is a country of around 33 million people according to the CIA's estimate. It is located in southern Asia and is slightly smaller than the state of Texas in terms of size. The capital of Afghanistan is Kabul. It is a nation originally founded in 1747. In 1979 it was invaded by the Soviet Union; the Soviet Union withdrew in 1989. There were civil wars inside the country of Afghanistan; meanwhile the capital fell to the Taliban in 1996. Following the September 11th attacks in the United States, military action by the United States, the Allied, and the anti-Taliban Northern Alliance toppled the Taliban. After 2001, the United Nations began to focus on political reconstruction in Afghanistan. The first democratically run election for president was held in 2004.
 
⁴     Decades of conflict and severe weather conditions, such as a drought from 1999-2002, have contributed to many sanitary issues in Afghanistan. In the rural area where Saliha lives, families like hers need further education on hygiene and need improved latrines. In areas near her cousin Halima, who lives in an urban part of Afghanistan, functioning sewage systems are in great demand.
 
⁵     Children such as Saliha and Halima contract diseases from bad sanitation every day. In fact, 25% of those under five years old get such diseases each year. According to UNICEF, half of the deaths of children in this age group are diarrhea-related diseases caused by inadequate sanitation, dirty drinking water, and poor hygiene amongst residents.

Paragraphs 6 to 13:
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Extended Activities:

1.  Different organizations name years for different causes. Research some. If your wish could come true, what would you call the upcoming year? Why?

2.  List ten facts about a disease caused by poor sanitation.

3.  Create a historical time line of five main events in Afghanistan.

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