Fort Sumner, New Mexico: The Bosque Redondo Reservation Experiment

Fort Sumner was a military camp in southeastern New Mexico in the mid-1800s. It served as a sort of internment camp for the Navajo and Mescalero Apache populations from 1863 to 1868. For five years these Native American tribes were forced to live at nearby Bosque Redondo. They had been accused of raiding white settlements near their homelands. The fort was initially built to offer protection to settlers from the Mescalero Apaches, Kiowa, and Comanche Indians.


The fort was built to be self-sufficient. It was meant to be a place to teach the Mescalero Apaches and Navajos how to be modern farmers and to teach them new skills. Some believed that teaching the Native Americans modern ways could be accomplished on their own lands. Others felt they should be completely removed.


Brigadier General James H. Carleton wrote this in part on June 15, 1863:


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